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Thunderstruck
The arguments that the temple was affected due to Thunderstruck is
also not acceptable. Since the temple walls are of 20 to 25 feet in
thickness it is not at all possible on the part of any
thunderstruck to disturb it in any manner.
Weak Foundation
It is also stated that due to weak foundation of such a heavy
structure the temple fell down. But as stated earlier the temple
was founded on a deep gorge of a river to make it stronger. And
also there is no sign of sinking in any part. So this argument is
also not founded on good grounds.
Load
Stone
It is described that in the part there was a load stone on the top
of the Sun temple and due to its magnetic effects it was drawing
vessels passing through the Konark sea resulting in heavy damage.
In others view due to the magnetic effects of the load stone placed
on the top of the Sun temple the compass fitted in the ships to
show the direction, was being disturbed and was not functioning
properly and it was a troubling task in the part of the captains to
drive their vessels in right direction. So to make the shipping
save, the Muslim voyagers took away the load stone from the Sun
temple. This load stone on the temple was working as the central
stone keeping all the stones of the temple wall in a balance. Due
to its displacement the temple walls lost their balance and fell
down in course of time. But such a statement has no record in
history nor has got any proof about the existence of such a
powerful load stone on the temple top.
Flying
Lion
Recently some scholars have advanced the opinion that there was a
big image of a Lion which is called Flying lion on the upper part
of the Sun temple just above the porch. Now the said image is found
lying in the broken condition on the ground in three places. Due to
placement of such a heavy block of stone on the temple walls, it
imbalance the wall and the wall collapsed. But such an argument is
yet to be reviewed carefully before we come to any
conclusion.
Hasty Completion Of The
Temple
It is learnt from the Dharmapad story that the king Narasimha Dev
had ordered the sculptors to complete the temple about a fortnight
earlier than the scheduled time and also had threatened them if
they fail to complete the temple within the stipulated time, all
the sculptors will be heavily punished to death. As the Sutradhar
(Chief Architect) Sri Sibei Samantaray expressed his inability, the
king engaged another person to speed up the work in place of Sri
Samantaray. Though the newly appointed Sutradhar completed the work
by the stipulated time, he, however, failed in placing the Kalas
(the crowning stone ) of the temple. As the story goes, finally the
Kalasa was set up by a boy of 12 years. It is evident, as a result
of this impracticable order of the king many things had gone wrong.
This resulted in weakening the placement of the crowning stone,
which could not be placed properly according to the basic plan of
the temple. Due to unusual hastying wish of the king and that to
changing the Sutradhar at the last moment, the crowning portion of
the temple could not keep pace with its lower parts. As a result
the temple walls collapsed being imbalanced within a very short
period.
Kalapahad
The most popular cause rests with the Kalapahad as the root of the
fall of Konark temple. According to the history of Orissa,
Kalapahad invaded Orissa in 1508. Including Konark temple he had
also destroyed a number of Hindu temples in Orissa. It is described
in the Madala Panji of Puri Jagannath temple that Kalapahad
attacked Orissa in 1568 and it was an evil hour for Orissa.
Including Konark temple he broke most of the images in most of the
Hindu temples in Orissa. Though it was impossible to break the Sun
temple of Konark, the stone walls of which are of 20 to 25 feet
thick he somehow managed to displace the Dadhinauti (Arch stone)
and thus made a way for the temple to collapse. He also broke most
of the images and other side temples of Konark. Due to displacement
of the Dadhinauti, the temple gradually collapsed and the roof of
the Mukasala also got damage due to the stroke of the stones
falling down from the temple top.
Consequent upon, Orissa came under the Muslim administration in
1568 and there were constant attempts to destroy the Hindu temples.
The Pandas of Puri, to save the sanctity of the Puri temple, took
away the Lord Jagannath from the Srimandir and kept the image in a
secret place. Similarly, it is said that the Pandas of Konark took
away the presiding deity of the Sun temple out of the temple and
put under sand for some years. Latter on the said image was removed
to Puri and kept in the temple of Indra in the compound of the Puri
Jagannath temple. According to others, the Puja image of the Konark
temple is yet to be discovered. But others hold the view that the
Sun image now kept in the National Museum, Delhi was the presiding
deity of the Konark Sun temple.
However, the Sun worship in the Konark temple was stopped
consequent upon the removal of the image from the temple. This
resulted in stopping of pilgrims to Konark. So also the port at
Konark was closed due to attacks of pirates. Konark was as glorious
a city for Sun worship as for commercial activities. But after the
cessation of these activities, Konark turned to a deserted place
and in ravages of time it became a field of pirates and wild
animals. As a result Konark left to develop as a dense forest for
years together.
In 1626 the then king of Khurda, Raja Narasimha Dev, son of
Purusottam Dev took away the Sun image to Puri along with two other
moving deities - Sun and Moon. Now they are found in a temple in
the compound of Puri Jagannath temple.
It is recorded in the Madala Panji of Puri temple that in 1028 Raja
Narasimha Dev had ordered for taking measurement of all the temples
at Konark and made an account of the temples at Konark goddesses.
At the time of measurement the Sun temple was in existence upto its
Amalak sila, i.e. about 200 feet in height. Kalapahad had only
destroyed its Kalas, the crowning stone and the Padma-dhwaja, the
lotus finial and the upper portions. Due to removal of this
crowning stone the temple lost its balance and gradually started to
fall down. The stroke of heavy stone pieces caused considerable
damage to the porch.
As described earlier there was a big block of stone called
Navagraha Paata placed in front of the Mukhasala. The then king of
Khurda removed the said block to down. The king had taken away many
sculptured stones from Konark and constructed some portions of Puri
temple with them. Even he had breaking its roof. During Marahatta
time the outer compound wall of the Puri temple was constructed
with the stone of Konark temple.
It is reported that among all the temples the Naata Mandir or the
Dancing hall of Konark was in its origin form for a longer period
and it was broken intentionally considering it as an unnecessary
structure during the time of Marahata
administration.
In the year 1779 a Marhatta Sadhu had taken away the Arun Pillar
from Konark and put it in front of the Lion's Gate of Puri
Jagannath temple. Thus by the end of 18th century Konark lost all
its glories and had been turned to a dense forest. In course of
time, the temple area thus became devoid of people being covered
with dense forest and full with sands and filled with terrible
animals and abided by pirates. It is said that even the local
people feared to go to Konark in the broad day
light.
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